Saturday, May 1, 1847

On the Platte River, Nebraska:

The morning was very cold (thirty degrees) as the pioneer company broke camp at 5:30 a.m.  At 7 a.m., they viewed a fascinating and exciting site.  Seven buffalo were spotted sheltering themselves from the north wind.  This was the first time most of the pioneer camp had ever seen a buffalo.  Luke S. Johnson, Porter Rockwell, and Thomas Brown started to pursue the beasts.1

The camp halted at 8:30 a.m. for breakfast on the bank of the Platte River.  Another herd of buffalo was spotted about six miles ahead on a bluff.  Using telescopes, several of the men counted up to seventy‑four animals.  Three more men went out in pursuit of this herd.

At 10:45 a.m., the wagon train was in motion again.  By noon they crossed the mouth of a creek.  Soon, the buffalo hunters returned.  They wounded several animals, but did not kill any.  “It was new business to them, and they found their rifles altogether too unwieldy in the chase.”

At 1 p.m., yet another large herd of buffalo was spotted at the foot of a hill.  When the camp arrived near the herd, they halted and eleven hunters mounted their horses to go after them.  Thomas Bullock recorded:

 

At the same time one of the brethren shot at an Antelope, when a dog ran it straight among the herd of Buffalo, which alarmed them, and away they went, raising a cloud of dust behind them, running along the side of the hill in a Westerly direction, then galloped the hunters down & along the hill in full chase; all enveloped in one cloud of dust. . . . Now was a time of great excitement ‑‑ every glass was in operation to see the chase & every man was intensely anxious for the success of our raw hunters; this being their first chase.

 

William Clayton added:

 


The brethren’s feelings who were left with the wagons were now strung up to the highest pitch, a feeling of exciting interest appeared to prevail throughout the camp, they having heard and read so much of the mad ferocity of the buffalo when hotly pursued, and knowing that all the hunters were inexperienced in regard to hunting the wild buffalo.  While they felt for the safety of the hunters, they still desired to see as much of the chase as the distance would allow.

 

Wilford Woodruff wrote:

 

I was in a company in the centre of the Herd & we all made a charge upon them from the Bluffs & rushed on to the Plain.  The herd ran vary fast down the ruff Bluffs into the plain but when we came on to the Plain we soon came on to them each company singled out his game.  We made choice of Cows generally.  Then rushed up by the side of them & fired upon them with our Pistols such as Horse Pistols, Rifle Pistols &c which are much better to carry than rifles as they are vary combersom in runing.

 

Heber C. Kimball joined the chase and shot down a buffalo that had been previously wounded.  Horace K. Whitney remarked:  “His horse, partly alarmed at the discharge of the gun, and partly at the sight of the animals, suddenly started, and came very near throwing him.”  William Clayton added:

 

Elder Kimball’s horse sprang and flew down the bluff like lightning and he having let go the lines to shoot, her sudden motion overbalanced him and his situation was precarious to the extreme.  The other hunters saw his situation and trembled for his safety but could render him no assistance.  However, being a good horseman, he maintained his position in the saddle and soon succeeded in gaining the lines and by a vigorous effort succeeded after some time in reining in his horse and returned to the rest unharmed and without accident.

 

William Clayton continued:  “This being the first day buffalo has been seen on our journey and in fact the first ever seen by any except about five or six of the brethren, it excited considerable interest and pleasure in the breasts of the brethren, and as may be guessed, the teams moved slowly and frequently stopped to watch their movement.”

The chase ceased at 4 p.m. and some of the hunters returned at 5 p.m.  Others stayed to guard the fallen buffalo.  Wilford Woodruff remarked that he had ridden about ten miles during the chase.  They secured one bull, three cows, and six calves.  “The entire Camp were very glad & felt thankful to our Heavenly Father for supply of food, which came at a very acceptable time, many being without meat.”


Throughout the excitement, the wagons continued to press on.  They traveled through a large prairie dog town, about three to four miles long.  One of the men caught one of the timid animals.  The pioneers established camp at 6:30 p.m. a mile above the head of Grand Island, near a creek that they named Buffalo Creek.  Five wagons were immediately unloaded and several teams were sent back to fetch the meat.  William Clayton wrote:  “Having a great desire to see a buffalo in his natural state, my feet being very sore, and the distance to the bluffs being over three miles, I got into Brother Aaron Farr’s wagon, he being one who unloaded to fetch in the meat, and we started for the one shot down by Elder Kimball.  He and O. P. Rockwell following on horseback.”  On the way, they met Luke Johnson and two others returning.  Brother Johnson had a calf tied on his horse and he was walking on foot.  When they arrived at Elder Kimball’s cow, they found that three of the brethren had already skinned it.  The meat was put in the wagon.  The cow probably weighed about 700 pounds.

They returned at dusk.  “The brethren’s faces beamed with joy to see the meat begin to come into camp, and with some astonishment to view the size and ferocious appearance of the head, which still had the hide on.”  The meat was distributed throughout the camp.  They had a wonderful feast of buffalo:  “Their meat is very sweet and tender as veal.”  Erastus Snow wrote:  “After dark two [buffalo] calves came near our camp and some little youngsters with a dog came close and caught one and made him fast to their wagon.”

In the evening, it was discovered that Joseph Hancock was missing, and had not been seen since breakfast.2  He had started out on foot with his gun toward the first herd of buffalo.  Guns were fired and the bugle sounded to let him know where the camp was located.  They greatly feared for his safety.

 

Winter Quarters, Nebraska:

Mary Richards worked hard getting settled into her new house:

 

Washed & scoured all the Tin ware knives &C also the sheets & boxes shelves & the floor.  Got all things fixt in order.  I put on a clean dress & sat down, and our little house seemed to me almost like a Palace.  I rejoiced to think that after passing through such a dreary Winter living in a Tent, and wandring from house to house to keep from perishing with Cold, suffering almost every inconveniance and often very unpleasent feeling, I had once more a place I could call my home.

 


Eliza R. Snow and several sisters gathered at Sister Leonard’s home.  Sister Snow wrote that they spoke “by the spirit of prophecy that the Pioneers were well, happy, & were in council ‑‑ that tomorrow they will have a greater time of rejoicing than they have ever had.”  Patty Sessions added:  “Sylvia and I went to a meeting to Sister Leonard’s.  None but females there.  We had a good meeting.  I presided.  It was got up by E. R. Snow.  They spoke in tongues.  I interpreted.  Some prophesied.  It was a feast.”

 

Summer Quarters, Nebraska:

Asahel A. Lathrop passed through Summer Quarters with the herd from the north.  They were on the way back to Winter Quarters after spending the winter months feeding on the winter rushes about fifty miles up the river.  The herd had been greatly reduced because of plundering by the Indians.  Isaac Morley arrived from Winter Quarters with some seed potatoes.  In the evening some more men arrived from the north and spent the night.  They included Brothers Simmons, Murdock, Haight, and Miles.

 

Mormon Battalion, at Los Angeles, California:

Henry Standage was ordered to work on a detail at a “bakehouse.”  The government decided to issue the men bread instead of flour, so he worked in the bakehouse all afternoon.

 

Company B, Mormon Battalion, at San Diego, California:

Robert S. Bliss wrote, “I am in the Fort comfortable situated, Hearty & well, weighing 147 lb., 4 more than I ever weighed in my life before; for which I truly feel thankful to my Heavenly Father after so many hardships as we have suffered in coming here.”

 

Sources:

Bagley, ed., The Pioneer Camp of the Saints, 142‑43; “Erastus Snow Journal Excerpts,” Improvement Era 14:926; “Excerpts from the hitherto unpublished Journal of Horace K. Whitney,” Improvement Era, 50:276; Kenney, ed., Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 3:163‑65; William Clayton’s Journal, 116‑24; “Levi Jackman Autobiography,” typescript, BYU, 29; Ward, ed., Winter Quarters, 121; The Personal Writings of Eliza Roxcy Snow, 170; Kelly, ed., Journals of John D. Lee, 159; Journal of Henry Standage in Golder, The March of the Mormon Battalion, 220; “The Journal of Robert S. Bliss,” Utah Historical Quarterly, 4:92

 

                           Sunday, May 2, 1847

On the Platte River, Nebraska:

It was quite cold in the morning.  Ice about a half inch thick was found in buckets.  Just before breakfast, to the relief of the camp, Joseph Hancock arrived.  He reported that he had shot a buffalo yesterday afternoon and became lost.  He had built a fire, and warded off the wolves from his catch.  Men were sent back to retrieve the meat but by the time they found it, much of it had been eaten by wolves.


Even though it was Sunday, it was decided to work at cooking the buffalo meat and to move the camp to a better location to feed the animals.  Levi Jackman wrote:  “Our camp this morning had the appearance of a meat market.  All hands were fixing their beef for cooking or drying and making ropes of the hides.”

Albert P. Rockwood wrote:

 

I will now state in what way we used the buffalo hides as it is the time of shedding the hair.  We stretch them on the ground by putting sticks through them and driving them into the ground, then with a sharp [knife], trim them round much as a shoemaker would a piece of leather to cut a shoe string.  Then run it into strips from 1/2 inch to one inch wide according to the size we wish to make a [blank] or rope which is made either by twisting or by brading after pulling the hair off.  These answer a better purpose then common ropes for securing horses, cattle, &c.  The hair is used in stuffing pillows, beds, &c.  The bones are broken up to git the marrow which is used for cooking instead of butter.  The meat is cleaned from the bones and jurked over a slow fire so that it will dry & not cook.

 

 In the afternoon, they traveled three miles and camped by a creek.  Everyone went back to work putting up racks to dry the buffalo meat.  The buffalo calf caught the night before was killed and dressed.3

After camp was established, a herd of buffalo came down from the bluffs to drink at the river.  Some of the men were anxious to go after them, but Brigham Young forbid them, reminding them that it was the Sabbath.

Ahead, the prairie was on fire, burning rapidly.  Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball went a few miles ahead to examine the fire and the trail ahead.  They decided the pioneers should spend another day at this camp to do some blacksmith work and hunt some more.

Levi Jackman enjoyed the buffalo meat:  “The buffalo meat came good to us, for Curtis and myself had lived on cornmeal bread and water porridge for some time; only we could get a little milk of Brother John Brown, to put in it.  When he could spare it he would give us some.  I shall never forget his kindness to us.”

 

Winter Quarters, Nebraska:

Parley P. Pratt spoke to the Saints gathered at Winter Quarters.  “I want the brethren to take care of their cattle, and not let the Indians kill them all off, to build pickets round the city to prevent them from coming in to your houses and insulting your woman and children or robbing your tables while they are out tending their gardens.”  He wanted a company to be prepared to leave for the mountains on June 1.  John Taylor also spoke.  W.W. Phelps reported that General John J. Harding, who had been the commander of the Illinois state militia during the fall of 1845, had been killed in a battle between Zachary Taylor and Santa Ana.  Hosea Stout wrote that this news was “a joy to me.”


Elder Lyman O. Littlefield, still preparing to leave on his mission, was invited for dinner at Mary Richards new home.  She wanted him to take word to her missionary husband that she was comfortable because she was finally in a house and was doing well.

 

Summer Quarters, Nebraska:

At 11 a.m., the Saints gathered for a Sunday service.  John D. Lee preached on Priesthood duty.  “We are messengers of salvation and special witnesses to the nations of the earth and have been called from darkness to the marvelous light of the everlasting gospel of peace to perform a certain work in this the dispensation of the fullness of times.”

 

Pueblo, Colorado:

A daughter, Welthy Matilda Higgins, was born to Nelson D. and Sarah Blackman Higgins.4

 

Mormon Battalion, at Los Angeles, California:

Henry Standage wrote:

 

For the last two days I have been more or less through the city of Angels . . . and must say they are the most degraded set of beings I ever was among. . . . There are almost as many grog shops and gambling houses in this city as there are private houses. . . . The Spaniards conduct in the Grog shops with the squaws is really filthy and disgusting even in the day time.  Gambling is carried to the highest pitch, men often losing 500 dollars in cash in one night, or a 1000 head of cattle.  All kinds of clothing is very cheap and cattle and horses very cheap.

 

Company B, Mormon Battalion, at San Diego, California:

Major Cloud arrived from Los Angeles with pay and letters.  They were informed that the rest of the battalion was preparing for a possible attack from John C. Fremont’s troops, “swearing they will kill every damned Mormon in the country.”  It was also rumored that the Mexicans were coming to retake San Diego.

 

Sources:

Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 3:165‑66; Howard Egan’s Diary, Pioneering the West, 32‑3; “Diary of Lorenzo Dow Young,” Utah Historical Quarterly, 14:156; William Clayton’s Journal, 124; “Levi Jackman Autobiography,” typescript, BYU, 29; Kelly, ed., Journals of John D. Lee, 159; Ward, ed., Winter Quarters, 122; Journal of Henry Standage in Golder, The March of the Mormon Battalion, 220‑21; Journal Extracts of Henry W. Bigler, 5:60‑1; “The Journal of Robert S. Bliss,” Utah Historical Quarterly, 4:92; Brooks, ed., On the Mormon Frontier, 1: 253; “Albert P. Rockwood Journal,” 24


                          Monday, May 3, 1847

On the Platte River, Nebraska:

The morning was cold, with ice in the water buckets.  Thomas Tanner and James Davenport put up their portable forges to repair some of the wagons.5 Three buffalo were spotted heading to the bluffs.  The camp rested for the day at this spot because the grass was very good for the animals to feed on.

Twenty hunters went off at 9 a.m. on foot with two wagons to bring in game.  Wilford Woodruff started out with the hunters, but he had jarred himself badly during the buffalo chase on Saturday and felt pain in his side where he had been seriously injured the previous autumn.  The hunters went into the bluffs and separated into two groups.  They traveled through the hills but only spotted antelope and wolves.  After a while, Wilford Woodruff felt so poorly, that he decided to head back with Amasa Lyman and three others.

After the hunters had left camp in the morning, Erastus Snow was directed by Stephen Markham to take fifteen horsemen up the river for ten or fifteen miles to see if Indians were nearby and to determine how widespread the prairie fire was.

Norton Jacob wrote:

 

Bro. Seth [Taft] our Capt. and four of us started on ahead a mile from camp in some willows.  We discovered a camp which had contained some fifty wickeups or lodges.  The camp fires were still burning.  A large body of Indians had left them upon our approach into the neighborhood on Saturday.  Bro. [James] Case who had been with the Pawnee Missionaries for eight years, expressed it as his opinion that this party is the Gran Pawnees who live below on the other side of the Platte.  Their object is to destroy the grass by burning and driving off the buffalo so that we cannot subsist, ourselves nor our teams.  We proceeded about ten miles and found the prairie burnt and burning as far as we could see.

 


Erastus Snow recorded:  “We went according to directions about ten miles, and found only here and there a patch of grass not burned, but fire still raging in different directions, and as far as we could see up the river fresh fires and smoke were rising.”  William Empey spotted two antelope and took off after them.6  He ascended a hill and as he looked down on the flat, he spotted a war party of about four hundred Indians.  They appeared to be waiting to ambush the men on horses.  Brother Empey returned to the scouting party and they all returned quickly to the camp, arriving at 2:30 p.m.  On the way back they were followed by about 100 Indians down a ravine who they supposed hoped to rob their horses and take their lives.  They shared the alarming report and also mentioned there would still be enough grass ahead for the teams, despite the fire.

Brigham Young immediately sent twenty‑three well‑armed men on horses to retrieve those who had been sent out to hunt buffalo.  They found the men within four miles.  The horsemen took the opportunity to do a little hunting.  Some buffalo calves were spotted.  William Dykes dismounted his mule in order to get a better shot.7  His mule broke away and ran after the fleeing buffalo.  Stephen Markham, on his horse, pursued the mule and caught it after three miles.  They all returned at dusk with three calves and four antelope.

The cannon was prepared and fired at 9 p.m. to give the Indians a signal that the pioneer company was armed and ready.

 

Winter Quarters, Nebraska:

Mary E. Gates, age seven months, died of consumption.  She was the daughter of Jacob and the late Caroline Gates, who died in December, 1846.

 

Sources:

“Erastus Snow Journal Excerpts,” Improvement Era 14:927; “Luke S. Johnson Journal,” typescript, BYU, 5‑6; Howard Egan Diary, Pioneering the West, 33; Kenney, ed., Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 3:166‑67; Bagley, ed., The Pioneer Camp of the Saints, 144; William Clayton’s Journal, 126; Knight and Kimball, 111 Days to Zion, 67

 

                          Tuesday, May 4, 1847

On the Platte River, Nebraska:

The cannon was fired at 4 a.m. which woke up the camp.  The temperature was thirty‑three degrees in the morning.  Two horses ran east as far as six or eight miles and were pursued by several men back.  William Smoot was thrown from a horse and knocked out of by the fall.  He soon recovered and appeared to have no serious injury.8


Brigham Young called the camp together at 7:30 a.m. and cautioned them against leaving their wagons to scatter off hunting without permission.  The Indian threat was a great concern.  Ten additional guards were appointed to protect the company.  President Young stated that they had proceeded thus far without scolding and it would not be needed if the men strictly followed the camp rules.  He asked that the rules be read every two or three days, especially on Sunday.  “This is not the time for preaching, but for doing -- and it is necessary for every man to be vigilant and seek his neighbor’s welfare as much as his own.”

The pioneers started out their journey at 9 a.m. by traveling in four columns, making five rows.  This was done to be ready in case of an Indian attack.  The cannon traveled in the rear.  Levi Jackman wrote:  “We started on but had not gone far before we found that our fears were too true.  The Indians had set fire to the old grass which was among the new and all was burned together, excepting here and there a small spot.  The sight was gloomy indeed.”

After traveling three miles, they noticed three wagons across the Platte River on the Oregon Trail.  Not knowing much about the river at that point, they continued on.  But later, one of the men waded across the Platte to see who the pioneers were.  This man explained that his company of nine were traders, heading back from Fort Laramie.  He introduced himself as Charles Beaumont.  He had been at the Fort for two years and said he had not tasted bread for four years.  He informed the pioneers that they were about sixteen days from Fort Laramie and that the grass was green and good on the south side of the river but burned away on the north side.  He said that he had never seen so many buffalo along the trail as he had seen this year.  There were several times that they had to halt the wagons to let herds pass.

The trader offered to take letters to Trader’s Point, so the pioneers stopped and quickly wrote fifty‑two letters in an hour to their families.9

Brigham Young wrote to his wife, Mary Ann Angell:

 


I want to wright a long letter but have not time.  We are all pretty well at present though my labour has been verry hard for me on the journey.  I pray for you continualy.  The Pawnees have watched us close and we have watched them but they have got two of our horses, Bros. Richards’ and Little’s.  Our cattle stand it well. . . . We stop every Sabbath and have a day of rest‑‑the Lord has blessed us in all things for which we are thankful. . . . On Saturday last we saw Buffalo for the first time; they went on a chase after them and got four old ones and five calves which have made us plenty of meat. . . . We shall have to cross the Platte River here on account of feed . . . the prairie is all burnt over on the North side . . . the Pawnees have gone ahead of us and burnt it.  The next company had better keep up on the North side.  I think it is a good route for us hereafter. . . . Joseph and Brigham be good Boys and mind your mother.

 

Howard Egan wrote to his wife Tamson:

 

Not having an opportunity to send this letter when I expected to have one, I believe there is now a chance to send it, and I embrace the opportunity with pleasure.  There is some travelers on the other side of the Platte River going down, one of them came over and will take the mail for us.  My health continues to be pretty good.  Thank the Lord we are now in a buffalo country and have killed a number of them, and we are now traveling 5 wagons abreast of each other as there is Indians all around us, and we have not time to write much.  We have just stopped our teams for a few moments, we are about 250 miles from the camp. . . . Dear Tamson, I want you to be humble and prayerful, to take good care of yourself and your children, pray for me for I do not forget you night nor morning. . . . May the Lord God of Israel bless you and your children, and preserve you until I return that we may enjoy each other’s company again.  Give my love to all.  Goodby my dear, think of me.

 

William Clayton wrote in his journal:  “I feel my mind relieved by this unexpected privilege of writing back to my dear family and hope they will have the pleasure of perusing the contents.”

John Brown, Thomas Woolsey, and John Pack accompanied Charles Beaumont back across the Platte to deliver the letters to their wagons.10  They also gave the traders enough bacon and bread to last their company until they reached the Missouri.  Some of the men purchased buffalo robes.  The rest of the pioneers continued their journey for three miles and then rested the teams.  When the three men returned to the company, a council meeting was held to determine if the company should cross the Platte or continue their journey on the north side of the river.  They understood that it appeared that the grass would be much better on the south side.

Wilford Woodruff wrote:

 

But when we took into consideration the situation of the next company & thousands that would follow after & as we were the Pioneers & had not our wives & children with us we thought it best to keep on the north side of the river & brave the difficulties of Burning Prairies & make a road that should stand as a permanent route for the Saints independant of the old emigration route & let the river separate the emigrating companies that they need not quarrel for wood, grass or water & when our next company came along the grass would be much better for them than it would on the south side as it would grow up by the time they would get along.  A vote was called & it was unanimous to go on the north side of the river.


After the council meeting, the pioneers moved on, traveled a total of nine miles, and camped near a creek which the pioneers gave various names: Grand Creek, Buffalo Creek, and Clear Creek.  A large herd of buffalo lay only a short distance ahead.

Orson Pratt recorded:

 

Antelope for a few days have been quite plenty, and buffalo almost constantly in sight.  We have not as yet seen any fresh signs of Indians or their horses & we have generally concluded that the large party seen yesterday [by William Empey] were nothing but a drove of antelope or some other wild animals mistaken in the distance for Indians, a mistake is not unfrequent in western prairies.

 

Winter Quarters, Nebraska:

The Anson Call family arrived at Winter Quarters from Ponca.

Sarah Ellen Turley, age twenty-nine, died of scurvy.  She was the wife of Theodore Turley.

 

Summer Quarters, Nebraska:

A meeting was held in the evening at John D. Lee’s house.  Several resolutions were adopted.  M. M. Sanders was to herd all of the cattle for $1.50 per day, payment in crops in the fall.  All the sheep were to be penned up at night.  A bridge was to be built over Mire Creek on Saturday for the cattle to pass over.  Samuel Gully was appointed as the Summer Quarters clerk.  A gun fired three times was to be an alarm of distress.

 

Garden Grove, Iowa:

Luman Shurtliff arrived back safely from his journey to obtain donations for the Garden Grove Saints.  He had been gone for three months.  He had traveled two thousand miles and had successfully obtained $1,500 worth of goods through much hardship.  He was very glad to be home.

 

Mormon Battalion, at Los Angeles, California:

Jefferson Hunt wrote a letter to Brigham Young:

 

We are in perfect suspense here.  In two months we look for a discharge and know not whither to steer our course.  We have a very good offer to purchase a large valley, sufficient to support 50,000 families connected with other excellent country, which might be obtained.  The rancho connected with the valley is about thirty miles from this place, and about twenty miles from a good ship landing.  We may have the land and stock consisting of eight thousand head of cattle, the increase of which was three thousand last year, and an immense quantity of horses, by paying 500 dollars down, and taking our own time to pay the remainder, if we had only the privilege to buy it.  There are excellent water privileges on it.


An order was read from Colonel Cooke giving the men the privilege of reenlisting with the army for a five‑year enlistment after being discharged from the battalion.

 

Company B, Mormon Battalion, at San Diego, California:

Thomas Dunn wrote:  “We received 6 months of our pay which was gladly received.  Though many made a bad use of it in drinking and carousing.”  The “Hauns Mill Begger” was convicted for stealing a pocket knife and sentenced to work the “Doby Yard.”

 

Sources:

Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 3:167‑69; Howard Egan’s Diary, Pioneering the West, 33; Watson, ed., Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 553; Watson, ed., The Orson Pratt Journals, 384‑85; “Luke S. Johnson Journal,” typescript, BYU, 6; Our Pioneer Heritage, 14:208, 506; The Exodus and Beyond, 40; William Clayton’s Journal, 127‑32; “Levi Jackman Autobiography,” typescript, BYU, 30; Our Pioneer Heritage, 4:373; Bagley, ed., The Pioneer Camp of the Saints, 144‑46; Journal of Henry Standage in Golder, The March of the Mormon Battalion, 220‑21; “Journal Extracts of Henry W. Bigler,” Utah Historical Quarterly, 5:60; Kelly ed.,  Journals of John D. Lee, 159‑62; Smart, ed., Mormon Midwife, 79

 

                       Wednesday, May 5, 1847

On the Platte River, Nebraska:

The morning was warm, fifty‑eight degrees.  As the pioneers arose, they saw a herd of buffalo nearby.  At 8 a.m., they started their journey.  They soon came to a bad swampy area and had to take a detour to the north in order to cross it.  From there, the prairie was quite soft and the horses feet cut deep into the sod.

After eight miles, a little before noon, they found some grass that had escaped the fire and stopped to let the teams feed.  Two buffalo bulls approached the herd and men were sent to drive them off.  Orders had been issued to not kill anything that could not be carried to the next camp.  Norton Jacob explained why these orders were necessary:  “The president had directed then not to kill anything they could not bring in on their horses, but the anxiety among some men to singnalize themselves by killing a buffalo or an antelope is so great that they cannot refrain from the shedding of blood without a commandment.  Well they had better learn wisdom.”

Wilford Woodruff wrote:  “We rode up within 3 rods of one [buffalo] that was asleep, stopped & looked at him for some minutes.  He awoke & shook himself & leaped off.”


During the afternoon some of the hunters brought in a buffalo cow and five calves.  Heber C. Kimball and Orrin Porter Rockwell caught a live calf which they hoped to try to raise.  Wilford Woodruff wrote:  “It would drink water out of a pail.  They had some sport in trying to make it suck to a cow.  It would try hard to bunt the men & dogs & some got hard raps.”11

At 4 p.m., they reached a column of fire, running from the river to the north as far as they could see.  They decided it would be safest to camp on the burned prairie, about a half mile back.  Thomas Bullock wrote:  “The teams then turned round & the Wind blew the ashes of the burnt grass in all directions which soon caused us to look like [Chimney] Sweeps.  However by washing, after our halt, we were enabled to discern each other again.”  William Clayton commented that the brethren looked “more like Indians than white folks.”  They let the animals graze on some patches of grass until dark.  Some of the horses were taken out to an island and cottonwood trees were cut down for them to browse on.

 

Garden Grove, Iowa:

Luman Shurtliff delivered the donated goods and money to the President of the settlement, President Fullmer.  He distributed the goods to all the poor.  Brother Shurtliff wrote, “Thus, the Lord provided for his poor saints at Garden Grove.”

 

Mormon Battalion, at Los Angeles, California: